Trump will make an online appearance at the World Economic Forum in Switzerland this week, but he has been the elephant in the room for the executives and leaders hobnobbing at the annual conference in the Swiss Alps.

In their speeches, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Chinese Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz offered visions of the world that are mirror opposites to those of the self-professed tariff-loving Trump.

"Protectionism leads nowhere and there are no winners in a trade war," Ding said, without mentioning Trump directly.

Trump threatened Monday to impose tariffs if Beijing rejected his proposal to keep Chinese-owned app TikTok online on condition that half of it is sold off.

Beijing, which is taking a cautious approach to Trump, said after the TikTok threat that it hoped the United States would provide a fair business environment for Chinese firms.

Meanwhile, von der Leyen took a conciliatory tone, saying the EU's "first priority will be to engage early, discuss common interests and be ready to negotiate" with Trump.

"We will be pragmatic but we will always stand by our principles, to protect our interests and uphold our values," she said.

The European Commission president also said that Europe "must engage constructively with China -- to find solutions in our mutual interest" despite escalating trade tensions between the two.

Brussels has provoked Beijing's ire with a raft of probes targeting state subsidies in the green tech sector, as well as imposing tariffs on Chinese electric cars.

In a veiled reference to the European Union measures, Ding warned against "erecting green barriers that could disrupt normal economic and trade cooperation".

- More trade deals -

On the campaign trail, Trump said he would impose extra customs duties on allies including the EU, as well as on China.

After his inauguration, Trump raised the possibility of imposing 25 percent tariffs on Canada and Mexico.

Von der Leyen reiterated her commitment to free trade during her speech, pointing to recent EU deals with Switzerland, Mexico and the South American bloc Mercosur.

She also said she and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi wanted to "upgrade" their partnership.

Scholz vowed to "defend free trade" with other partners, warning that "isolation comes at the expense of prosperity".

"President Trump says 'America First' and he means it. There is nothing wrong with keeping your own country's interests in mind," Scholz said.

"It's just that cooperation and understanding with others are usually in your own interest as well."

It was probably Scholz's last speech in Davos as chancellor ahead of German elections next month.

Scholz used his speech to take another shot at Tesla and X owner Elon Musk, who has angered the chancellor with his support of Germany's far-right AfD party

"We have freedom of speech in Europe and in Germany," Scholz said.

"Everyone can say what he wants even if he is a billionaire. What we do not accept is if this is supporting extreme right positions."

Conservative leader Friedrich Merz, the favourite to become Germany's next chancellor, is due to address the forum later Tuesday.

- War and climate change -

Aside from tariffs, Trump has also rattled the world with his decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement.

Von de Leyen defended the climate pact as the "best hope for all humanity" and vowed that "Europe will stay the course".

Ukraine is also keeping a very close eye on what Trump's second term will involve.

Speaking in Davos, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky questioned whether Trump was committed to NATO and European security.

"Will President Trump even notice Europe? Does he see NATO as necessary? And will he respect EU institutions?" he said.

Middle East conflicts are likewise high on the agenda as Israeli President Isaac Herzog and Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim al-Thani speak in separate sessions during the first full day of the forum.

As a fragile ceasefire holds in the Israel-Hamas war, the WEF will host a discussion on how to improve aid delivery to the Palestinian territory of Gaza and how to kickstart the reconstruction and recovery after heavy bombardments.

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